Process for breaking petroleum emulsions



Patented Sept. 8, 1942 PROCESS FOR BREAKING PETROLEUM EMULSIONS Melvin De Groote, University City,'and Bernhard Keiser, Webster Groves, Mo., assignors to Petrolite Corporation, Ltd, Wilmington, Del., a.

corporation ol. Delaware Application March 21, 1941, Serial No. 384,601

No Drawing.

10 Claims.

This invention relates primarily to the resolution of petroleum emulsions.

The 'main object of our invention is to provide a novel process for resolving petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, that are commonly referred to as cut oil, roily oil, emulsified o' etc., and which comprise fine droplets of naturally-occurring Waters or brines dispersed in a more or less permanent state throughout the oil which constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion.

Another object is to provide an economical and rapid process for separating emulsions which have been prepared under controlled conditions from mineral oil, such as crude petroleum and relatively soft waters or weak brines. Controlled emulsification and subsequent demulsification under the conditions just mentioned is of significant value in removing impurities, particularly inorganic salts, from pipeline oil.

The new chemical compound or composition of matter herein described, which is used as the demulsifier in our improved process for resolving petroleum emulsions, is exemplified by the acid, or preferably, neutral ester derived by complete esterification of one mole of a polyalkylene glycol of the kind hereinafter described, with two moles of a fractional ester derived from a hydroxylated material of the kind herein described, and a polybasic carboxy acid having not over six carbon atoms.

If a hydroxylated material, indicated for the sake of convenience by the formula T.OH, is reacted with a polybasic carboxy acid, which, sim ilarly, may conveniently be indicated 'as being of the dibasic type, by the formula HOOC.D.COOH, then the fractional ester obtained by reaction between equimolar quantities may be indicated by the following formula:

HOOC.D.COO.T

ethylene glycol. For convenience these polyethylene glycols may be indicated by the following formula:

in which m varies from 7 through 17.

Instead of polyethylene glycols, one may use polypropylene glycols or polybutylene glycols. Thus, for convenience, in the broadest by the following formula:

OH cnHzno) mH in which m has its previous significance and n represents a numeral varying from 2 to 4.

Thus, the bulk of the demulsifying materials herein described, may be indicated within certain variations, as hereinafter stated, by the neutral ester derived by esterification or one mole of a glycol of the kind above described, with two moles of a fractional ester of the kind previously indicated. The formation of the compound may be indicated by the following reaction, although obviously, it is immaterial what particular procedure is employed to produce the particular chemical compound or product:

As indicated previously, the polybasic acids employed are limited to the type having not more than six carbon atoms, for example, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic. Similarly, one may employ acids such as fumaric, maleic, glutaconic, and various others, including citric, malic, tartaric, and the like. The selection of the particular tribasic or dibasic acid employed is usually concerned largely with convenience of manufacture of the finished ester, and also of the price of the reactants. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature employed, the easier it is to obtain large yields of the esterified prod uct. Although oxalic acid is comparatively cheap, it decomposes somewhat readily at slightly above the boiling point of water. For this reason, it is more desirable to use an acid which is more resistant to pyrolysis. Similarly, when a polybasic acid is available in the form of an anhydride, such anhydride is apt to produce the ester with greater ease than the acid itself. For this reason, maleic, anhydride is particularly adaptable; and also, everything else considered, the. cost is comparatively low on a per molar basis, even though somewhat higher ona per pound basis. Succinic acid or the anhydride has many of the attractive qualities of maleic anhydride; and this is also true of adipic acid. For purposes of brevity, the bulk of the compounds hereinafter illustrated will refer to the use of maleic anhydride, although it is understood that any other suitable polybasic acid may be employed.

Furthermore, for purposes of convenience, reference is made to the use of polyethylene glycols.

aspect, the As has been previously indicated, such glycols can be replaced by suitable polypropylene or polybutylene compounds.

As far as the range of oxyalkylated compounds employed as reactants is concerned, it is our preference to employ those having approximately 8-12 oxyalkylene groups, particularly 8-12 oxyethylene groups. The preference to use the oxyethylated compounds is due largely to the fact that they are commercially available, and par ticularly so in two desirable forms. The most [desirable form is the so-called nonaethylene glycol, which, although consisting largely of nonaheptaethylene and octaethylene glycols, and possibly minor percentages of the higher homologs. Such glycols represent the upper range of distillable glycols; and they may be conveniently referred to as upper distillable ethylene glycols." There is no particularly good procedure for making a sharper separation on a commercial scale; and it is understood that mixtures of one or more of the glycols may be employed, as well as a single glycol. As pointed out, it is particularly preferred to employ nonaethylene glycol as commercially available, although it is understood that this product contains other hcmologs, as indicated.

Substantially as desirable as the'upper distillable polyethylene glycols, are the lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols. These materials are available in the form of a waxy water-soluble material, and the general range may vary somewhat from decato tetradecaethylene glycol. As is Well understood, the method of producing such glycols would cause some higher homologs to be formed; and thus, even in this instance there may be present some oxyethylene glycols within the higher range above indicated. One need not point out that these particular compounds consist of mixtures, and that in some instances, particularly desirable esters are obtained by making mixtures of the liquid nonaethylene glycol with the soft, waxy, lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols. For the sake of convenience, reference in the examples willbe to nonaethylene glycol;

of the formation of polymeric types of esterification products under ordinary conditions.

The alcoholic products employed as reactants in the manufacture of the present compounds are water-insoluble hydroxylated esters of polyhydric alcohols, characterized by being derived from high molal hydroxy acids and also by the fact that there is no residual hydroxyl radical attached to the alcohol residue, i. e., the compounds are neutral or complete esters, as differentiated from fractional esters. The polyhydric alcohols employed as reactants for the produc- ,7 ethylene glycol, may contain small amounts of and calculations will be based on a. theoretical molecular weight of 414. Actually, in manufacture, the molecular weight of the glycol employed, whether a higher distillable polyethylene glycol or a lower non-distillable polyethylene glycol, or a mixture of the same, should be determined and reaction conducted on the basis of such determination, particularly in conjunction with the hydroxyl or acetyl value.

It has been previously pointed out that it is immaterial how the compounds herein contemplated are manufactured, although we have found it most desirable to react the selected glycol or mixtures of glycols with maleic anhydride in a ratio of two moles of the anhydride for one mole of the glycol. Under such circumstances, we have found little tendency to form longer chain polymers; and in fact, the product of reaction, if conducted at reasonably low temperatures, appears to be largely monomeric. For convenience, such intermediate product may then be considered as a dibasic or polybasic acid. One mole of the intermediate so obtained is then reacted with two moles of the alcoholic material of the kind subsequently described.

It is to be noted, however, that if one prepares. a fractional acidic ester, then if two moles of the I fractional acidic ester are reacted with one mole of the polyethylene glycol, there is no possibility tion of the neutral esters of the high molal hydroxy acids, are characterized by the fact that they may contain 2, 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups, the commonest examples being ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol. Other dihydric alcohols include homologs of ethylene glycol, such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol,-etc., and include higher homologs. Still another variety is illustrated by the ether type of glycol, such as diethylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, etc. It is not intended to include ether alcohols, particularly ether glycols, in which the ether linkage occurs more than four times. Dihydric alcohols are also obtained by dehydroxylation of glycerol or the like, as, for example, by etherization with a monohydric alcohol; for instance, the methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, and similar alkoxy derivatives of glycerol. Trihydric alcohols are illustrated most advantageously by glycerol. Similarly, etherization with monohydric alcohols yields trihydric alcohols from products such as diglycerol, pentaerythritol, mannitan, sorbitan, etc. The ethyl ether, butyl ether, or other alkoxy derivatives of diglycerol is an additional illustration of this particular type. Alcohols containing four hydroxyls may be illus trated by diglycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, mannitan, etc.

The polyhydric alcohols just described are esterified with or converted by any suitable means into water-insoluble, esters of high molal hydroxy acids having at least 11 carbon atoms and not in excess of 36 carbon atoms. The commonest example of a high molal hydroxy acid is ricinoleic acid. Other hydroxy fatty acids include hydroxystearic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, diricinoleic acid, aleuritic acid, and the like. Similar acids are obtained in the oxidation of paraffin, petroleum hydrocarbons, or wax, and are commonly referred to as hydroxylated wax acids. Hydroxylated wax acids occur as lay-products in the oxidation of waxes or similar materials and are usually separated so that the commonest commercial form of oxidized wax acids represent mixtures comparatively free from the hydroxylated compounds. Hydroxylated acids are produced by other procedures, such as chlorination, either by addition of substitution, as, for example, chlorination of oleic acid or stearic acid. Subsequent reactions involve the removal of the chlorine with the introduction of a hydroxyl radical. Undecylenic acid, derived from castor oil, has been converted into a. hydroxy undecenoic acid. Unsaturated hydroxy acids, such as ricinoleic acid, may be treated in various manners, so as to produce derivatives, for example, chlorinated or brominated ricinoleic acid. Such materials are entirely satisfactory for use as reactants in the preparation of materials of the kind herein contemplated. Naturally-occurring naphthenic can be converted into a hydroxylated arylstearic acid. Such procedure contemplates reactions such as those involving ricinoleic acid, benzene, and aluminum chloride in large excess, or involves the desulfonation of a sulIo-aromatic fatty- Intermediate product, Example 4 Adipic acid. is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3 preceding.

Intermediate product, Example 5 oxalic acid is substituted for maleic anhydride in Example 1-3 preceding.

Intermediate product, Example 6 Citric acid is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3 preceding.

Hydroxy acids of the kind herein contemplated may also be prepared by the hydrolysis of alphahalogen acids. For instance, alpha-bromocaproic acid, alpha-bomocaprylic acid, alpha-bromocapric acid, alpha-bromolauric acid, alpha-bromomyristic acid, alpha-bromopalmitic acid, and thelike. can be hydrolyzed to give the corresponding alphahydroxy acid. Indeed, a reactive alpha-halogen acid may serve as a functional equivalent of an alpha-hydroxy acid by liberation of hydrochloric acid, instead of Water. Such type of reaction, however, involves numerous dimculties; and thus, it is better'to employ a hydroxy acid.

. In some instances derivatives of a hydroxylated unsaturated acid are most readily obtained by the employment of an intermediate in which the hydroxyl group, is protected. Thus, ricinoleic acid may be acetylated, and such acetyl ricinoleic 3 acid converted into a derivative, for instance, a

derivative in which an aryl group is introduced. Such derivative can then be saponified or hydrolyzed so as to regenerate the hydroxyl radical.

Intermediate product, Example 1 One pound mole of nonaethylene glycol is reacted with two pound moles of maleic anhydride so as to form nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate.

Intermediate product,-Example 2 A mixture of lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols, representing approximately decato tetradecaethylene glycol, is substituted for nonaethylene glycol in the preceding example.

Intermediate product, Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Intermediate product, Examples 1 and 2, except that the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to glycol is changed so that three pound moles of maleic anhydride are reacted with two pound moles of the glycol, 'so as to yield a dibasic product which may be conveniently described as a further elaboration of the monomeric derivative described in preceding Examples 1 and 2. Such polymers form very slowly, and require higher temperature, and a comparatively longer period of reaction time. Also it is desirable to add a small fraction of a suitable catalyst, say, onefourth of 1% of toluene sulfonic acid, and to pass a dried inert gas through the reaction mass.

- for ethylene glycol diricinoleate in Composition of matter, Example 1.

Intermediate product, Example 7 Succinic anhydride is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3 preceding.

Composition of matter, Example 1 A one pound mole of the intermediate product of the kind described in Intermediate products, Examples 1, 2 and 3, above, is reacted with two pound moles of ethylene glycol diricinoleate until substantially all dibasic carboxyl acidity has disappeared. Time of reaction may vary from a few hours to as much as 20 hours.

Composition of matter, Example 2' Ethylene glycol diihydroxystearate) is substituted for ethylene glycol diricinoleate in the preceding example.

Composition of matter, Example 3 Diethylene glycol diricinoleate is substituted inoleate is substituted for ethylene glycol diricinoleate in Composition of matter, Example 1.

Composition of matter, Example 2 Glyceryl alpha-monoisoamylether diricinoleate is substituted for ethylene glycol diricinoleate in Composition of matter, Example 1.

Composition of matter, Example 8 Glyceryl alpha-monophenyl ether diricinoleate is substituted for ethylene glycol diricinoleate in Composition of matter, Example 1.

Composition of matter, Example 9 In Composition of matter, Examples 1-8 preceding, any residual acidity present is removed by cautiously adding adilute solution of ammonium hydroxide until the resultant product gives a clear, limpid solution in water, particularly in dilute form. 1

Composition of matter, Example 10 In Composition of matter, Examples l-8 preceding, any residual acidity present is removed by cautiously adding a dilute solution of triethanolamine until. the resulant product gives a clear, limpid solution in water. particularly in dilute form.

Composition of matter, Example 11 In Compositionof matter, Examples'1-8 pre ceding, any residual acidity present is removed by cautiously adding a dilute solution of tris( bydroxymethyhaminomethane until the resultant product gives a clear, limpid solution in' water,"

- particularly in dilute form;

Composition of matter, Example 12 V The same procedure is followed as in Composition of'matten'Exam'ples 1-11, inclusive, except that an intermediate product of the kind exem-' plified by'Intermediate product, Example 4, is

substituted ,for that in Intermediate product,

Examples 1, 2 and 3.

' 7 Composition of matten Ex'ample 13" The same procedure is followed as in Composition, of matter, Examples 1-11, inclusive, except that an intermediate product of the kind exemplified by Intermediate product, Example 5, is

substituted for that in Intermediate product, Examples 1, 2 and 3.

Composition of matter, Example 14 aaeaice composition may be indicated in the following manner;

. in which the characters have their previous significance and :c is a relatively small whole number less than 10, and probably less than and in the monomeric form r, of course, is l. The limitations on the size of :1: are probably influenced whereas, others give cloudy solutions or sols; and the most desirable type is characterized by giving a clear solution in water, and usually in the presence of soluble calcium or magnesium salts, and fre 'quently, in the presence of significant amounts of either acids or alkalies.

Water solubility can be enhanced in a number I of ways whichhave been suggestedby previous The same procedure is followed as in Composi tion of matter, Examples 1-11, inclusive, except that an intermediate product of the kind exem- Composition of matter, Erample 15 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 141, inclusive, except that an intermediate product of the kind exemplified, by Intermediate product, Example 7, is

substituted for that in Intermediate product, Examples 1, 2 and 3. I

It is to be noted that this second step is an esterification reaction, and the same procedure is employed as suggested above in the preparation of the intermediate product. Needless to say, any particular method may be used to produce the desired compounds of the kind indicated. In some instances it may be desirable to conduct the esterification reaction in the presence of a nonvolatile inert solvent which simply acts as a diluent or viscosity reducer.

In the preceding examples, attention has been directed primarily to the monomeric form, or at least, to the form in which the bifunctional alcohol, i. e., a glycol, and the polyfunctional acid,

usually a bifunctional compound, react to give a chain type compound in which the adjacent acid and glycol nucleus occur as a structural unit. For instance, in the monomeric form this may be indicated in the following manner:

acid glycol acid glycol, the tendency would be to produce a prodnot which might be indicated in the following manner:

acid glycol acid glycol acid Similarly, three moles of the glycol and four plified by Intermediate product, Example 6, is substituted for that in Intermediate product," Examples 1, Z'and 3;

manufacturing direction, for instance? I I (a) By using a. more highly polymerized ethylene glycol;

(b) lBy using a polymeric form instead of a monomeric form in regard to the unit which' forms the chain between the, two alcoholic nuclei;

(0) By using a polybasic carboxy acid of lower molecular. weight, for instance, maleic acid, instead of adipic acid;

(It) By using an alcoholic material of lower molecular weight, for instance, a risinoleic acid ester, instead of=the ester of a hydroxylated wax acid of a higher molecular weight; I

In any event, it is to be noted that the compounds of the type. herein contemplated are lim ited to the water-soluble type, i. e., those which I l are self-emulsifying in water, or produce a sol or a molecular solution.

Actually a. reaction involving an alcohol and an acid (esterification) may permit small amounts of either one of both of the reactants, depending upon the predetermined proportion, to remain in an unreacted state. In the actual preparation of compositions of the kind herein contemplated, any residual acidity can be removed by any suitable base, for instance, ammonia, triethanolamine, or the like, especially in dilute solution. Naturally, precaution should be taken so that neutralization takes place without saponification or decomposition of the ester. In some cases there is no objection to the presence of the acidic group. Indeed, if a tribasic acid be employed in such a manner as to leave one free carboxyl group, then it is usually desirable to neutralize such group by means of a suitable basic material.

In the hereto appended claims, reference to a neutral product refers to one in which free carboxylic radicals are absent.

Conventional demulsifying agents employed in the treatment of oil field emulsions are used as such, or after dilution with any suitable solvent, such as water; petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, kerosene, stove oil, a coal tar product, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tar acid oil, cresol, anthracene oil, etc. Alcohols, particularly aliphatic alcohols,'such as methyl alcohol, ethyl moles of the acid might tend to give a combination which may be indicated thus:

acid glycol acid glycol acid glycol. .acid

Another way of stating the matter is that the alcohol, denatured alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, etc., may be employed as diluents. Miscellaneous solvents, such as pine oil, carbon tetrachloride, sulfur dioxide extract obtained in the refining of petro- Similarly, the material or materials herein described,

aaeaieo may be admixed with one or more of the solvents customarily used in connection with conventional emulsifying agents, provided that such compounds are compatible. They will be compatible with the hydrophile type of solvent in all instances. Moreover, said material or materials may be used alone, or in admixture with other suitable well known classes of demulsifying agents.

It is well known that conventional demulsifying agents may be used in a water-soluble form,

or in an oil-soluble form, or in a form exhibiting both oil and water solubility. Sometimes they may be used in a form which exhibits relatively limited oil solubility. However, since such reagents are sometimes used'in a ratio of 1 to 10,000,- or 1 to 20,000, or even 1 to 30,000, such an apparent insolubility in oil and water is notsignificant, because said reagents undoubtedly have solubility within the concentration employed. This same fact is true in regard to the material or materials herein described, except that they are invariably water-soluble.

We desire to point out that the superiority of the reagent or demulsifying agent contemplated in our herein described'process for breaking petroleum emulsions, is based upon its ability to treat certain emulsions more advantageously and at a somewhat lower cost than is possible with other available demulsifiers, or conventional mixtures thereof. It is believed that the particular demulsifying agents or treating agents herein.

described will find comparatively limited application, so far as the majority of oil field emulsions are concerned, but we have found that such a demulsifying agent has commercial value, as it will economically break or resolve oil field emulsions in a number of cases which cannot be treated as easily or at so low a cost with the demulsifying agents heretofore available.

In practising our improved process for resolving petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type,

a treating agent or demulsifying agent'of the 'well at the bottomof the well, or at some point prior to their emergence. This particular type of application is decidedly feasible when the demulsifier is used in connection with acidification of calcareous oil-bearing strata, especially if suspended in or dissolved in the acid employed for acidification.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that residual carboxyl acidity can be eliminated by esterification with a low molal alcohol, for instance, ethyl, methyl, or propyl alcohol, by conventional procedure, so as to give a substantially neutral product. The introduction of such low molal hydrophobe groups does not seriously afiect the solubility, and in some instances, gives increased resistance, to soluble calcium and magnesium salts, for such property is of particular Value. Usually, however, neutralization with a dilute solution of ammonia or the like is just as practicable and less expensive.

Attention is directed to our co-pending application Serial No. 384,600, filed March 21, 1941.

Having thus described our invention, What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A process for breaking .water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a watersoluble esterification product derived by reaction between: (A) two moles of a water-insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester of a high molal hydroxy acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; the alcohol radical of said ester having a valency of at least 2 and not more than 4, and said ester containing hydroxyl groups as part of the acyl radical only; and (B) at least one mole of a polybasic compound, and not more moles than the number of acyl radicals per mole of aforementioned water-insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester; said polybasic compound being the esterification product of (a) a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 1'7 ether linkages, and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms; and (b) a polybasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the 'esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol.

2. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble esterification product derived by reaction between: (A) two moles of a waterinsoluble polyhydric alcohol ester of a high molal hydroxy acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; the alcohol radical of said ester having a valency of at least 2 and not more than 4, and said ester containing hydroxyl groups as part of the acyl radical only; and (B) at least one mole of a polybasic compound, and not more moles than the number of acyl radicals per mole of aforementioned water-insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester; said polybasic compound being the esterification product of (a) a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 1'7 ether linkages, and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms; and (b) a polybasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not, over 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol.

3. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble esterification product, derived by reaction between: (A) two moles of a waterinsoluble polyhydric alcohol ester of a high molal hydroxy acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; the alcohol radical of said ester having a valency of at least 2 and not more than 4, and said ester containing hydroxyl groups as part of the acyl radical only; and (B) at least one mole of a dibasic compound, and not more moles than the number of acyl radicals per mole of aforementioned water-insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester; said dibasic compound being the esterification product of (a) a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 17 ether linkages, and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms; and (b) adibasic carboxy acid" having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the dibasic acid for each'mole of the glycol.

l. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble esterification product, derived by reaction between: (A) two moles of a water.- insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester of a high molal hydroxy acid having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; the alcohol radical of said ester having a valency of at least 2 and notmore than 4, and said ester containing hydroxyl groups as part of the acyl radical only; and (B) at least one mole of a dibasic compound, and not more moles than the number of acyl radicals per mole of aforementioned water-insoluble polyhydric alcohol ester; said polybasic compound being the esterification product of (a) a polyethylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 17 ether linkages; and (b) a polybasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the dibasic acid for each mole of the glycol.

5. A process'for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble esterification product, derived by reaction between one mole of a dibasic compound and two moles of a water-insoluble diol ester, in which the acyl radical contains 18 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl radical; the dibasic compound being the esterification product of (A) a polyethylene glycol having at least '7 and not more than 17 ether linkages; and (13) a dibasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the =dibasic acid for each mole of the glycol.

6. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble chemical compound of the formula type:

in which '1 is a radical derived by dehydroxylation of a diol diricinoleate; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from a dibasic acidby removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having notover 6 carbon atoms; m represents a numeral varying from '7 to 12; and a: is a small whole number less than 10.

7. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble chemical compound of the formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (C2H40) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

in which '1 is a radical derived by dehydroxylation of a diol diricinoleate; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from a dibasic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having not over 6 carbon atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

8. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble chemical compound of the formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (C2H40) mCzHiOOC.D.COO.T

in which Tis a radical derived by dehydroxylation of a diol diricinoleate; OOC.D.COO is the acid radicalderived from maleic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

9. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble chemical compound of the formula type:

TOOC.D.COO C2H40) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

I in which T is a radical derived by dehydroxylation of a diol diricinoleate; O0C.D.COO is the acid radical derived from succinic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

10. A process for breaking water-in-oil emulsions, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble chemical compound of the formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (C2H40) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

in which T is a radical derived by dehydroxylation of a diol diricinoleate; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from adipic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

MELVIN DE GROOTE. BERNHARD KEISER. 

